In our age of unprecedented access to information, the handwritten records of the medieval era remain overwhelmingly dark – unread and unreadable – confining modern scholarship to a tiny fraction of their totality. Yet this constraint is fast disappearing as a range of new technologies transform our understanding of the Dark Archives and thus of the 'medieval' itself, to an extent unseen it was first delimited by events such as the European spread of movable-type printing and voyages of discovery in the fifteenth century CE. This select proceedings of the Dark Archives events of 2019-2021 presents the first overview of the emergent field of Dark Archives studies, and its framing questions: just how large is the totality of medieval writing and its interrelations (or ‘Graphosphere’), extant and destroyed, and what materials is it composed of? What digital technologies are emerging to scan, transcribe and order this totality, a task otherwise beyond uncountable human scholarly lifetimes? More broadly: what of the physical record can, cannot, or can only be captured digitally? What worlds of scholarship and knowledge might we build upon a fully-mapped Graphosphere? Our pioneering contributors present the wealth of approaches now being marshalled in quest of answers, from manuscript statistics, the reconstruction of lost documents, fragmentology, optical character recognition, crowdsourcing and spectrography, to the metaphysics of knowledge and of the archive.

Cover image: A sphere of scripts, generated using Midjourney (www.midjourney.com).